Section 1
frescoes- paintings made on wet plaster walls
polis- the Greek word for citystate which is usually developed around a fort
acropolis- a hill
agora- a marketplace
Minoans- an inhabitant of Minoan Crete or a memeber of the Minoan people
Mycenaeans- and inabitant of Mycenae or a member of the Mycenaean peope from the Greek mainland who conquered central Crete
Section 2
myths- traditional stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes
oracles- are believed by the Greeks that the Gods spoke through priests and priestesses at this special place
aristocracies- nobles who controlled Greek city-states
hoplite- a kind of nonaristocratic soldier
tyrants- the leaders who were able to bring a better life to people
popular government- the idea that people can and should rule themselves
democracy- government in which citizens take part
Lliad- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Odyssey- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Homer- a blind poet who wrote two gret epics called "Iliad" and "Odyssey"
Olympic Games- important contests held every four year in honor of Zeus and only men could watch or compete in these games
Section 3
helots- conquered people
ephors- the people who made sure that the kings stayed within the law
metics- the second group in Athenian society
archons- rulers who served one-year terms
direct democracy- the form of democracy Aathens had under Cleisthenes
represent ice democracy- where citizens elect representatives to govern for them
Draco- an archon who is believed to have created Athen's first written law code at around 621 B.C.
Solon- became an archon in 594 B.C. and settled disputes between creditors and debtors
Peisistratus- ruled over Athens as a tyrant between 546 B.C. and 527 B.C.
Cleisthenes- seized power in Athens and turned it into a democracy in about 507 B.C.
Section 4
terracing- carving small, flat plos of land from hillsides
import- a good or service bought from another country or region
export- a good or service sold to another country or region
pedagogue-a male slave who taught the boys manners
ethics- deals with what is good and bad, and moral duty
rhetoric- the study of oratory or public speking, and debating
Sappho- an ancient Greek poet
Sopists- men who opened schools for older boys
Section 5
Persian Wars- the war where Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against the Perians and conflicts rose between Greece and Persia that lasted until 479 B.C.
Battle of Marathon- the battle where the Athenians, although outnumbered, defeated the Persians
Battle of Thermopylae- a battle in 480 B.C. where a Greek army was annihilated y the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece
Themistocles- Athen's leader
Delian League- an alliance of city-states with Athens as leader
Pericles- a great general, orator, and statesman who held public office or was active in public life from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C. and was the leader in Athens a this time
Peloponnesian War- the war where Pericles failed to unite Greece under Athens, quarrels over trade divided Athens and Corinth and tensions grew between Athens and Sparta until war broke out in 431 B.C.
frescoes- paintings made on wet plaster walls
polis- the Greek word for citystate which is usually developed around a fort
acropolis- a hill
agora- a marketplace
Minoans- an inhabitant of Minoan Crete or a memeber of the Minoan people
Mycenaeans- and inabitant of Mycenae or a member of the Mycenaean peope from the Greek mainland who conquered central Crete
Section 2
myths- traditional stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes
oracles- are believed by the Greeks that the Gods spoke through priests and priestesses at this special place
aristocracies- nobles who controlled Greek city-states
hoplite- a kind of nonaristocratic soldier
tyrants- the leaders who were able to bring a better life to people
popular government- the idea that people can and should rule themselves
democracy- government in which citizens take part
Lliad- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Odyssey- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Homer- a blind poet who wrote two gret epics called "Iliad" and "Odyssey"
Olympic Games- important contests held every four year in honor of Zeus and only men could watch or compete in these games
Section 3
helots- conquered people
ephors- the people who made sure that the kings stayed within the law
metics- the second group in Athenian society
archons- rulers who served one-year terms
direct democracy- the form of democracy Aathens had under Cleisthenes
represent ice democracy- where citizens elect representatives to govern for them
Draco- an archon who is believed to have created Athen's first written law code at around 621 B.C.
Solon- became an archon in 594 B.C. and settled disputes between creditors and debtors
Peisistratus- ruled over Athens as a tyrant between 546 B.C. and 527 B.C.
Cleisthenes- seized power in Athens and turned it into a democracy in about 507 B.C.
Section 4
terracing- carving small, flat plos of land from hillsides
import- a good or service bought from another country or region
export- a good or service sold to another country or region
pedagogue-a male slave who taught the boys manners
ethics- deals with what is good and bad, and moral duty
rhetoric- the study of oratory or public speking, and debating
Sappho- an ancient Greek poet
Sopists- men who opened schools for older boys
Section 5
Persian Wars- the war where Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against the Perians and conflicts rose between Greece and Persia that lasted until 479 B.C.
Battle of Marathon- the battle where the Athenians, although outnumbered, defeated the Persians
Battle of Thermopylae- a battle in 480 B.C. where a Greek army was annihilated y the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece
Themistocles- Athen's leader
Delian League- an alliance of city-states with Athens as leader
Pericles- a great general, orator, and statesman who held public office or was active in public life from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C. and was the leader in Athens a this time
Peloponnesian War- the war where Pericles failed to unite Greece under Athens, quarrels over trade divided Athens and Corinth and tensions grew between Athens and Sparta until war broke out in 431 B.C.